Introduction |
This is a very basic power failure lighting circuit based around a relay.
This simple circuit has many uses, from lighting up rooms and walkways in the case of
a power failure, to monitoring and security uses.
There are many different power failure circuits out there based on 555
timers or transistors but they all have different problems including limited
input voltage, price and complexity, and poor backup power. This unit has
been designed to work with mains power all the way down to 5 volts, and
power 3 LEDs to provide light for a hallway or a child's room in the event
of power failure. The PCB includes many simple add-ons and modifications
too.
Specs
Input Voltage Max: 240 Volts AC
Input Voltage Min: 5 Volts DC
Approximant Power Consumption: 450 mW
Schematic |
Explanation |
This circuit is connected to ac power through J1 then rectified to dc through
D1-D4. D5 is a 12 volt zener diode being used along with the resistor R1
and the coil resistance of relay RL1 to regulate the input voltage to 12 volts
and C1 is used to help smooth this power.
and J3, positive to J2 and negative to J3; in this setup the circuit would not
need J1, D1-D5, and R1.
The relay RL1 is a SPDT 5vDc relay and when power is applied to it, it opens
the circuit with the LEDs so they are off as long as power is on if the power
goes off, the relay closes the circuit and the battery BAT1 powers the LEDs
D6, D7, and D8. In this circuit BAT1 is a 9 volt battery that powers the
3 LEDs through R3; however BAT1 can be many different batteries depending
on your needs. J4 is also available in parallel with the LEDs to connect a
buzzer or etc.
You can also put a switch on one of the wires for BAT1 so you can turn it
off so that you
don't drain it when the circuit is not being used.
Parts List |
1 | R1 | 1.2k Ohm |
1 | R3 | 120 Ohm |
1 | C1 | 470uF |
4 | D1-D4 | 1N4004 |
1 | D5 | 1N4742A |
3 | D6-D8 | White LED |
1 | RL1* | 5 Volt SPDT Relay T7CV5D-05 |
1 | BAT1 | 9V |
1 | - | 9V Battery Connector |
*There are many different relays that can be used, some that even use
next to no power.
PCB |
Download |
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